|
環境共生型ペンションにおけるホストとゲストの
多様な関係性に関する研究
−「舎爐夢ヒュッテ」の18年−
仁賀 崇之
表紙
目 次
要旨
第1章
序論························································································
1
1-1 本研究の背景··················································································
1
1-2
本研究の目的··················································································
1
1-3
論文の構成····················································································
2
第2章
観光と宿泊施設について·······························································
3
2-1 観光について··················································································
3
2-1-1
観光とは···············································································
3
2-1-2
観光行動のメカニズムについて···················································
3
2-1-3
観光における「情報」と「イメージ」の役割··································
4
2-2 観光の現状····················································································
5
2-2-1
国内宿泊旅行の回数·································································
5
2-2-2
国内宿泊旅行の宿泊数······························································
6
2-2-3
国民の旅行に対する意識の動向···················································
6
2-2-4
観光と環境について·································································
8
2-3 宿泊施設の現状···············································································
9
2-3-1
宿泊施設と環境配慮について······················································
9
（1）
ISO14000シリーズ·······························································
10
（2）
ECOTEL············································································
10
（3）
グリーングローブ··································································
11
（4）
グリーンリーフ·····································································
11
（5）
グリーン・キー·····································································
12
2-3-2
宿泊施設における環境配慮の類型について···································
12
2-4 観光と宿泊施設についてのまとめ·······················································
15
第２章 注及び引用、参考文献························································
16
第3章
研究の目的と対象······································································
17
3-1
本研究の目的················································································
17
3-1-1
エコセンターについて·····························································
19
（1）
エコセンターとは··································································
19
（2）
エコセンターが出来る背景·······················································
19
（3）
エコセンターと環境配慮の4領域の関係について···························
20
3-2 研究対象（舎爐夢ヒュッテ）について·················································
21
3-2-1 概要···················································································
21
3-3 本研究の調査・分析方法について·······················································
23
3-3-1
調査方法·············································································
23
（1）
舎爐夢のホームページ調査·······················································
23
（2）
文献調査·············································································
23
（3）
ヒアリング··········································································
23
3-3-2
宿泊カード調査について··························································
25
（1）
宿泊カードとは·····································································
25
（2）
調査手順·············································································
26
3-3-3
分析方法·············································································
27
（1）
「舎爐夢」調査における分析····················································
27
（2）
「宿泊カード」調査における分析··············································
28
第３章 注及び引用、参考文献···························································
29
第4章
「舎爐夢」調査の結果································································
30
4-1
舎爐夢ヒュッテの歴史·····································································
30
（1）
第1期（1979年〜1988年）：萌芽期··········································
30
（2）
第2期（1989年〜2000年）：成長期··········································
31
（3）
第3期（2000年〜）：成熟期····················································
32
4-1-1 舎爐夢の歴史のまとめ、考察····················································
33
4-2
舎爐夢のシステムについて（第3期）·················································
37
4-2-1
宿泊システムについて·····························································
37
（1）
宿泊のタイプ·······································································
37
（2）
基本的なプログラム·······························································
38
（3）
舎爐夢での規則·····································································
42
（4）
コミュニティー·····································································
42
4-2-2 生活システム（第3期）··························································
45
（1）
施設・設備について·······························································
45
（2）
環境配慮について··································································
45
（3）
農業···················································································
48
4-3 舎爐夢のプログラム········································································
49
4-3-1
プログラムの変遷（第1期・第2期・第3期）······························
49
4-4 「舎爐夢」調査の結果のまとめ、考察·················································
51
第４章 注及び引用、参考文献···························································
54
第5章
「宿泊カード」調査における結果··················································
55
5-1
舎爐夢に来るゲスト（全体）の特徴について·········································
55
（1）
年度別の「ゲスト数」の推移····················································
55
（2）
年度別の「年齢層」の推移·······················································
57
（3）
年度別の「男女比」の推移·······················································
58
（4）
年度別の「グループ構成」の推移··············································
59
（5）
年度別の「動機」の推移·························································
60
（6）
年度別の「リピーター数」、「リピート数」の推移···························
61
（7）
都道府県別におけるゲストの割合··············································
63
5-1-1
舎爐夢に来るゲストの特徴のまとめ············································
64
5-2 ビギナーについて··········································································
65
5-2-1
ビギナーの舎爐夢に来た動機····················································
65
5-2-2
ビギナーが見てきた雑誌のタイプ分け·········································
66
（1） 雑誌のタイプ分け方法、結果····················································
66
5-2-3
雑誌タイプの年度別の傾向·······················································
68
5-2-4
ビギナーのタイプ分け·····························································
70
5-2-5
ビギナーについてのまとめ、考察···············································
72
5-3 リピーターについて········································································
75
5-3-1
リピート行動について·····························································
75
5-3-2
リピーターの追跡調査·····························································
76
（1）
分析方法·············································································
76
（2）
対象···················································································
76
5-3-3
リピーターの特徴··································································
77
5-3-4
リピーターのタイプについて····················································
78
（1）
閉鎖型リピーター··································································
78
（2）
連鎖型リピーター··································································
78
5-3-5
リピーターについてのまとめ、考察············································
79
5-4 宿泊カード調査の結果のまとめ、考察·················································
81
第５章 注及び引用、参考文献···························································
83
第6章
結論·······················································································
84
6-1
緒言···························································································
84
6-2
舎爐夢の変遷と多様性について··························································
84
（1）
第1期················································································
85
（2）
第2期················································································
86
（3）
第3期················································································
88
6-3
舎爐夢ヒュッテとは········································································
90
（1） 舎爐夢の特徴·······································································
90
（2） 舎爐夢に来るゲスト·······························································
91
6-4
環境共生型ペンションの要素について·················································
93
6-5
エコセンターとしてみた舎爐夢ヒュッテ··············································
94
6-5-1 エコセンターとしての舎爐夢の位置付け······································
94
6-5-2 舎爐夢型エコセンターの特徴と限界············································
94
6-5 今後の課題···················································································
96
謝辞··································································································
97
図 表 目 次
図目次
図1-1 論文の全体構成···········································································
2
図2-1 観光行動のメカニズム···································································
4
図2-2 国民１人当たりの宿泊観光旅行回数及び宿泊数の推移（平均）·················
6
図2-3 今後の生活の力点·········································································
7
図2-4 今後の生活の力点の推移································································
8
図2-5 宿泊施設における環境配慮の４領域·················································
13
図2-6 現在、環境配慮を行う宿泊施設が主に取り組む領域·····························
14
図3-1 研究対象とする宿泊施設が取り組むべき環境配慮の領域·······················
17
図3-2 宿泊施設のタイプ別、環境配慮の領域··············································
18
図3-3 エコセンターの成立背景·······························································
19
図3-4 エコセンターの環境配慮の領域······················································
20
写真3-1 エコセンター（スウェーデン）の汚水の簡易な浄化システムの展示·······
21
写真3-2 エコセンター（スウェーデン）のエコトイレの展示··························
21
図3-5 舎爐夢周辺の地図·······································································
21
写真3-3 宿泊カード（実物）·································································
25
図3-6 宿泊カード入力用データベース······················································
26
図3-7 舎爐夢調査における分析フロー······················································
27
図3-8 宿泊カード調査における分析フロー·················································
28
図4-1 舎爐夢の3つの時期····································································
30
図4-2 環境イメージの発達過程·······························································
34
図4-3 取り組み・プログラムの変遷·························································
36
写真4-1 トイレにおいてある部屋別のタオル··············································
37
写真4-2 舎爐夢＆コミュニティー····························································
38
写真4-3 自然食のコース料理（ディナー）·················································
39
写真4-4 スライドを使った安曇野案内の模様··············································
39
写真4-5 オーナーの説明の模様·······························································
40
写真4-6 パーマカルチャーガーデン·························································
40
写真4-7 パンや野菜など自分で盛り付ける朝食···········································
41
図4-4 ゲストAのプログラム組み合わせ例················································
41
写真4-8 舎爐夢の無人売店····································································
42
写真4-9 舎爐夢コミュニティー·······························································
42
写真4-10 シャンテバザールの中の様子·····················································
43
写真4-11 ファーマーズの様子································································
44
写真4-12 保育の様子···········································································
44
写真4-13 共有フロア−にある暖炉··························································
45
写真4-14 サニタニーバック···································································
46
写真4-15 トイレ＆説明書き···································································
47
写真4-16 舎爐夢の備品········································································
47
写真4-17 耕さない舎爐夢の畑································································
48
図4-5 舎爐夢のプログラム構造図（第３期）··············································
50
図4-6 舎爐夢における環境配慮の領域（第１期）········································
52
図4-7 舎爐夢における環境配慮の領域（第２期）········································
53
図4-8 舎爐夢における環境配慮の領域（第３期）········································
53
図5-1 年度別の個人数、グループ数の推移·················································
56
図5-2 年度別のゲストの年齢層の推移······················································
57
図5-3 年度別の男女比の推移·································································
58
図5-4 年度別のグループ構成の推移·························································
59
図5-5 年度別の動機の推移····································································
60
図5-6 年度別のリピーター数、リピート率の推移········································
61
図5-7 年度別のリピート回数の推移·························································
62
図5-8
都道府県別のゲスト数·································································
63
図5-9
都道府県別の人口に占めるゲストの割合···········································
64
図5-10
年度別の動機の割合···································································
66
図5-11 年度別雑誌のタイプ別の割合（その他は除く）·································
68
図5-13 雑誌タイプからのビギナー層の抽出···············································
71
図5-14 ゲストの舎爐夢に対する認識·······················································
72
図5-15 年度別のゲストタイプの変遷·······················································
73
図5-16 年度別のゲストタイプの変遷（一般旅行層は除く）···························
74
図5-17 リピート行動のメカニズム··························································
75
図5-18 リピート回数別のリピーターの数··················································
76
図5-19 舎爐夢の発展モデル···································································
80
図6-1 年度別のビギナータイプの変遷······················································
84
図6-2 舎爐夢における環境配慮の領域（第１期）········································
85
図6-3 第１期におけるホスト、ゲスト、環境イメージの関係··························
85
図6-4 舎爐夢における環境配慮の領域（第2期）········································
86
図6-5 第2期におけるホスト、ゲスト、環境イメージの関係··························
87
図6-6 舎爐夢における環境配慮の領域（第3期）········································
88
図6-7 第3期におけるホスト、ゲスト、環境イメージの関係··························
89
図6-8 舎爐夢の発展モデル····································································
92
図6-9 媒介役としての舎爐夢·································································
94
表目次
表2-1 国民１人あたり平均宿泊旅行回数及び宿泊数·······································
5
表2-2 現在の生活に対する満足度−レジャー・余暇生活−·······························
7
表2-3 環境認証の種類と内容·································································
10
表2-4 環境配慮の4領域の取り組み内容···················································
13
表3-1 舎爐夢の会の内容·······································································
22
表3-2 舎爐夢が掲載された雑誌リスト······················································
24
表3-3 宿泊カードの年度別の枚数····························································
25
表4-1 意味的参加のはしごと舎爐夢の歴史の対応········································
35
表4-2 舎爐夢の歴史の変遷····································································
36
表4-3 宿泊タイプとその内容·································································
37
表4-4 舎爐夢のプログラム（2003年度）··················································
50
表5-1 宿泊カードのデータ項目·······························································
54
表5-2 雑誌のタイプとその説明·······························································
67
表5-3 ビギナーの層とその説明·······························································
70
表5-4 リピータータイプ別のデータ（一部）··············································
77
表6-1 第１期における意味的参加のはしご·················································
85
表6-2 第2期における意味的参加のはしご·················································
86
表6-3 第3期における意味的参加のはしご·················································
88
表6-4 ビギナーの層とその説明·······························································
92
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